The Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Using Hormonal Therapy: A Narrative Review

The incidence of prostate cancer in men has increased significantly, making it one of the most prevalent malignancies in the male population. Over the past two decades, there has been a substantial shift in the approach to managing metastatic prostate cancer, with the approval of novel medications resulting from multiple pivotal phase III trials. These medications offer a range of therapeutic alternatives to patients, with varying modes of action. Despite the progress made in prostate cancer treatment, early metastases and drug resistance continue to pose significant challenges. In this narrative review, we examined the evidence regarding the effectiveness of hormone therapy in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, drawing on data from important clinical trials of hormonal therapy. In addition, we conducted a search of ClinicalTrials.gov to identify ongoing and upcoming trials related to metastatic and resistant prostate cancer. Finally, we present an overview of the pathophysiology of these residual effects and review relevant translational research and observational cohort studies.