Utilizing Meconium Transferrin and Ferritin as Metrics for Fetal Homeostasis

Aim: The aim of this study was to measure transferrin and ferritin concentrations in meconium specimens and assess their possible correlation with birth weight in study neonates.
Introduction: The molecular mechanisms regulating homeostasis in the developing fetus have not been satisfactorily elucidated. Meconium deposited intrauterine contains substances accumulated in the intestine that may indicate the development and growth of the fetus.
Objective: Measurement of transferrin and ferritin concentrations in meconium and checking the interconnections between these proteins with their effects on the development and growth of the fetus.
Methodology: The study was conducted in a group of 125 newborns, whose first portion of meconium was collected immediately after birth. This clinical material was homogenized. Ferritin and transferrin concentrations were determined in homogenates using commercial ELISA tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).
Results: Higher birth weight was associated with lower ferritin concentrations in meconium (r = -0.22, p = 0.015). In neonates with a birth weight of more than 3750 g, there was a positive correlation between transferrin and ferritin concentrations (r = 0.51, p = 0.003). With meconium transferrin concentrations above 43.52 µg/g, a negative correlation between transferrin and ferritin was established (r = -0.37, p = 0.036), while with transferrin concentrations below 43.52 µg/g, the correlations between the birth weight and the meconium transferrin and ferritin concentrations were negative (r = -0.61, p < 0.001 and r = -0.43, p = 0.017, respectively).
Conclusion: The concentrations of transferrin and ferritin in meconium show mutual associations, the statistical significance of which increases proportionally with the weight of the newborn. Setting reference limits for ferritin and meconium transferrin concentrations, as well as their correlation with clinical parameters during pregnancy, may help evaluate how intrauterine life affects the neonate's health and how well it adjusts to extrauterine life.