A Study to Analyze the Incidence, Risk Factors and the Treatment Outcomes in Retinopathy of Prematurity in a Tertiary Care Setup - Case Study

Aim: To study the association between the incidence, risk factors and treatment outcomes in retinopathy of prematurity.

Methodology: A longitudinal observational study was done among 70 babies who fulfilled the criteria for ROP screening at a tertiary care center.

Results: Out of the 70 babies that were screened at our hospital, 25 babies developed some stage of ROP with 10 babies developing Type 1 ROP. It was noted that the mean birth weight, mean gestational age and the duration of oxygen therapy was significantly associated with the development of ROP (P= 0.045,P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively). Of the 25 babies with ROP, zone 3 was involved in 14 babies and zone 2 was involved in 11 babies.7 babies had stage 1,10 had stage 2 and 8 babies had stage 3. Of the 25 babies with ROP, 12 babies required treatment with laser photocoagulation and all the babies showed regression of ROP following treatment.

Conclusion: Birth weight less than 1.70 kg, gestational age <32 weeks and oxygen therapy were associated with the development of ROP and ROP regressed with laser treatment.