Green Chemistry Approach for Synthesis of Bioactive 2-Thiobarbituric Acid Derivatives

Aims: The following study is aimed to prepare five derivatives of 2-thiobarbituric acid under microwave irradiation (MWI) and conventional heating method and investigate their biological activities.

Study Design: A classic white ProLine Microwave (720 W, 2450 MHz) with nine power settings was used for this study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh, between June 2012 and February 2014.

Methodology: Five derivatives of 2-thiobarbituric acid were synthesised by using Microwave (720 W, 2450 MHz) with nine power settings and the conventional method. The compounds were investigated by using Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The cytotoxic activity was performed in the test tubes containing ten shrimps in simulated brine water.

Results: It was found that the preparation time was reduced from 24 hours to 5-10 minutes by using microwave irradiation method. In microwave irradiation, the yield also comparatively very high (97.68-98.50%) than conventional method (76-80%). The antimicrobial activity of the synthesised compounds was investigated by measuring the zone of inhibition of the compounds. In the cytotoxic analysis, the mortality 78-89% appeared when sample concentration was (0.78-6.25) μg/ml and more than 6.25 μg/ml concentration showed 100% mortality.

Conclusion: Microwave-assisted synthesis of an improved method that yields to compare some of the conventional heating with reaction time reduced from hours to minutes. The compounds also showed potential antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of the following MWI prepared derivatives.