Engine Control Unit (ECU) Hardware Development for Spark Ignition Engine through Building Block Approach with Arduino MEGA2560 Processor

Over time, internal combustion engines have evolved. As a result of newer emission norms to reduce pollution, the engine must be driven towards improved control over performance characteristics through electronic control. The Electronic Control Unit (ECU) is a microprocessor-based device. It is responsible for controlling the engine functions. Since the ECU is a sophisticated piece of electronic equipment, the know-how is not available to the new researchers to modify, control and program the parameters. This control over ECU calibration is required to employ different algorithms in software, such as ANN, machine learning tools, and other algorithms.

This flexibility is provided by the building block technique employed in building an ECU. This makes it easier to customize the ECU to meet specific needs. The several hardware components that make up the ECU's specialized capability are covered in this study. Since, the ECU needs a microcontroller device to function as a brain behind the ECU. The Arduino Mega 2560 is preferred as a processor because all decisions are dependent on the software calibration inside the microprocessor. Any microcontroller board, even the Arduino Mega 2560, may theoretically perform the same tasks.

To assemble the electronic components of any type of hardware, a printed circuit board (PCB) is required. This necessitates the use of PCB design software. The open-source software Fritzing was chosen due to its versatility and ease of use. The ultimate objective is to specify the components of the ECU hardware that can be selected and combined to create a unique ECU tailored to the requirements. One case is also discussed.

In conclusion, this paper will give the researcher a complete insight in the ECU hardware design and guidelines for making the own custom-made ECU.