Histopathological Pattern of Endometrium in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Prospective Study

The present study determine to know the commonest age group and common pathology causing abnormal uterine bleeding by studying histopathological findings in endometrial tissue samples.

One of the most prevalent presenting symptoms in the gynaecology out-patient department is abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). The term "dysfunctional uterine bleeding" refers to abnormal uterine bleeding for which there is no known explanation. The evaluation of the endometrium's histological appearance is critical for proper care of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Endometrial biopsy could be a helpful first step in the diagnosis of DUB. This is a prospective study on histopathology of endometrium in patients presenting with Abnormal uterine bleeding, undertaken in the department of pathology of Bhaskar medical college and Satya diagnostic centre, Hyderabad, Telangana State. Total duration of study was 2 years i.e from June 2014 to November 2016. 150 endometrial lesions diagnosed on histopathology were selected for the final analyses. All the endometrial samples included for the study were obtained by dilatation and curettage (D&C) method and the age of the patients ranged from 21-78 years with a mean of 49.5 years. Other patterns identified were endometrial polyp, complex hyperplasia without atypia, endometrial carcinoma, pill endometrium ,complex hyperplasia with atypia, endometritis, atrophic endometrium and adenomatous hyperplasia. Endometrial causes of DUB and age pattern was statistically significant with P value <0.05. Histopathological examination of endometrium should be done generously in women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding especially after the age of 40 years to rule out malignancy. It is useful for diagnosis, to assess therapeutic response and to know the pathological incidence of organic lesions in cases of dysfunctional uterine bleeding prior to surgery. D&C reveals the endometrial patterns in various forms of AUB and also helps to exclude the presence of any organic pathology. Thus, histopathological evaluation of endometrium is especially indicated in women over 40 years to rule out preneoplastic lesions and malignancies.