BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF RICE STRAW-DERIVED MATERIALS: AN OVERVIEW

RS (RS) waste has been the most widely recognised pollutant in the world for several years. Therefore, it is critical to develop a simple process for converting rice straw (RS) into a useful products. RS is a rich source of phenolic acids (PAs), lignin, condensed tannins, flavonoids, and momilactone that can be extracted using conventional and environmentally friendly methods. These bioactive components of RS have various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, pesticide, antioxidant, etc. Recently, RS-derived fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) were developed for the detection and monitoring of diabetic ketoacidosis in diabetic patients. Herein, various straightforward and non-polluting method for reprocessing RS into value-added materials are discussed.