An Overview of Anthropogenic Changes in Land Use and Land Cover, with Specific Attention to Climate Change and Unsustainable Agriculture

The worldwide need for food and the alterations in bioenergy demands associated with shifts in land use and land cover changes (LULCC) have given rise to environmental apprehensions, including global warming and climate change. There is substantial evidence indicating that we are currently witnessing human-induced transformations that could potentially result in a sixth mass extinction event. This study seeks to explore the connections between land use and land cover change (LULCC), forests, biodiversity, the carbon cycle, hydrology, climate, and various biogeochemical feedback mechanisms. These interrelationships play a crucial role in shaping future environmental outcomes and influencing climate change. Additionally, the review critically assesses existing research on the correlation between LULCC and climate, along with associated processes. The paper delves into ongoing investigations surrounding LULCC, its ecological repercussions, and its influence on the regulatory mechanisms of terrestrial ecosystems, ecosystem services, atmospheric chemistry, and the climate. It underscores the importance of developing land-use strategies rooted in a scientific evaluation of LULCC to promote sustainability and wider economic development, with a particular emphasis on addressing climate change. Global agreements and protocols also call for land use strategies that consider the implications of environmental degradation.