Neglected Tropical Paragonimiasis: A Review

Paragonimiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the zoonotic trematode Paragonimus spp., which is spread by eating uncooked or improperly prepared crabs. The parasite is endemic to Southeast Asia and Pacific regions. This disease is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations due to its intricate migration path. Clinical signs and radiological findings often overlap and are similar to those of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer, so they are potentially misdiagnosed. The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of this parasite infection are discussed. This review highlights paragonimiasis as the potential to be used as a differential diagnosis for pulmonary TB cases indicating the need for future basic and clinical studies to more accurately identify, manage, control, and ultimately eradicate this disease.