Comparative Expression of Interleukin 23A (IL-23A, Alpha Subunit) in Theileria Infected PBMCs of Crossbred and Vechur Cattle

Tropical theileriosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria annulata, poses a significant threat to cattle with substantial economic consequences for the Indian livestock sector. This study focused on understanding the comparative expression of Interleukin 23A (IL-23A), a key cytokine involved in immune responses, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Vechur and crossbred cattle upon Theileria infection.

Indigenous breeds exhibit breed-specific immunity by controlling the cytokine storm triggered by the parasite. While several studies have investigated the resilience of indigenous breeds, the Vechur cattle have not been studied for its resistance to tropical theileriosis. The expression of IL-23A, at protein and transcript levels, were analysed using LC-MS/MS and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) respectively. The results demonstrated a significant upregulation of IL-23A in infected crossbred cattle PBMCs compared to non-infected crossbred PBMCs, indicating an elevated inflammatory cytokine response. In contrast, infected Vechur cattle PBMCs showed a lower expression, highlighting their effort to control the cytokine storm induced by the parasite. The study contributes to the understanding of host immune responses to tropical theileriosis, emphasizing the contrasting reactions of crossbred and Vechur cattle. Identifying genetic variations associated with disease resistance or susceptibility could pave the way for targeted breeding strategies to develop a more resilient and productive cattle population. Further investigations into similar immune-related genes are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of indigenous cattle's resistance to this disease.