Review on Modern Breeding and Biotechnological Techniques for Enhancing Breeding Potential of Legume Crops

Das, Padminee and Kumar, Amit and Lajeo, Losa and Mhaske, Shriram Mahadev and Savaliya, Dhruvkumar C and Araganji, Santosh and Singh, Rajat and Solanki, Priyanka (2024) Review on Modern Breeding and Biotechnological Techniques for Enhancing Breeding Potential of Legume Crops. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 36 (11). pp. 587-605. ISSN 2320-7035

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Abstract

Legume crops are critical to global food security and sustainable agriculture, providing essential plant-based proteins and amino acids, while also contributing to soil fertility through symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Despite their nutritional and ecological significance, legume crops production faces numerous challenges, including low yields, susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses, and the impacts of climate change on water and land resources. Addressing these issues requires innovative solutions that combine traditional breeding with cutting-edge biotechnological approaches. The recent advancements in legume crops improvement through modern breeding and genome-editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, TALEN, and ZFN, which enable precise modifications to enhances the suitability and genetic potential of agronomic traits. CRISPR/Cas9, in particular, has emerged as a powerful tool in legume breeding, facilitating targeted mutations, gene knockouts, and gene expression regulation. The review discusses its application across various legume species, including soybeans, cowpeas, chickpeas, and peanuts, to improve traits for example, CRISPR/Cas9 has been used to increase oleic acid content in peanuts and improve photoperiodic flowering in soybeans. Advances in transformation protocols, such as Agrobacterium-mediated methods and biolistic technologies, as well as improvements in tissue culture and phenotyping techniques, are helping to overcome these challenges. Despite significant progress, challenges in legume transformation and regeneration remain, but recent improvements in tissue culture protocols and high-throughput phenotyping have enhanced the efficiency of these genome-editing techniques. It also explores the potential of integrating genome-editing technologies with traditional breeding programs to accelerate genetic gains and develop bio fortified, climate-resilient legume varieties. By leveraging the vast genetic diversity in legumes and employing advanced genomics tools, researchers can create crops that are not only high-yielding but also nutritionally superior and environmentally sustainable. Integrating genome-editing technologies with traditional breeding paves the way for developing high-yielding, nutritionally enhanced, and climate-resilient legume varieties.

Item Type: Article
Subjects: Article Paper Librarian > Agricultural and Food Science
Depositing User: Unnamed user with email support@article.paperlibrarian.com
Date Deposited: 04 Dec 2024 08:14
Last Modified: 04 Dec 2024 08:14
URI: http://editor.journal7sub.com/id/eprint/2988

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